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Beta-1, 3 glucans are being referred to as biological response modifiers because of their ability to activate the immune system. However, it should be noted that the activity of beta-1, 3 glucans is different from agents that stimulate the immune system. Agents that stimulate the immune system can push the system to over-stimulation, and hence are contraindicated in individuals with autoimmune diseases. Beta-1, 3 glucans seem to make the immune system work better without becoming overactive. They accomplish this by activating the activity of macrophages, which are immune system cells whose function is to trap and destroy foreign substances in our bodies such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Once activated, the macrophages can respond more quickly and efficiently to immune system challenges. In addition to enhancing the activity of macrophages, beta-1, 3 glucans also reportedly lower elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, aid in wound healing, help prevent infections, and help in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
The upper respiratory tract infection (URI or URTI) occurs in the upper respiratory tract which would involve the nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx. It represents the most common infectious illness in the general population and the leading diagnosis in the outpatient setting. It is also the leading reason for people missing work and school. URIs range from the common cold to epiglottitis (a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the epiglottis – a small cartilage that covers the windpipe – swells, blocking the flow of air to the lungs. Viruses cause most of the upper respiratory tract infections.
Evaluation of beta-glucan and its effectiveness with relieving symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections was conducted in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. The researchers recruited 150 moderate to highly stressed individuals aged 18 to 65 years. The subjects were administered either 500 mg beta-glucan or 250 mg placebo daily for a 4 week treatment period. The outcome was both groups experienced fewer symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections, feeling healthier, increased energy, and less tension, fatigue and confusion. In conclusion, beta-glucan may prevent upper respiratory tract infections, improve overall health and improve psychological well being.1
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